The United Nations Comtrade database provides access to trade data and analytics. It contains detailed import and export statistics for over 200 countries and territories. The database has information on product type, exporter country, importer country, time, trade value, amount, etc.
We retrieved the trading data on a country level from 2010 to 2021 for harmonized codes (HS): 294110, 294120, 294130, 294140, 294190, 300310, 300320, 300410.
HS is a standardized numerical method of classifying traded products, and we use 4 digits(HS-4) and 6 digits(HS-6). HS-6 includes two following digits to further specify categories, but there are a couple of countries do not follow the HS-6 level.
Based on these product codes, we group the data in eight data subsets, one for each HS code, one for all four digits HS codes combined (HS-4 level), and one for all six digits HS codes combined (HS-6 level).
Based on the countries and trade values between two countries in this trading data, we constructed directed trade networks and obtained trade clusters and modularity using the Louvain clustering algorithm on the normalized trade network.
Klimek, P., Dervic, E., Friesenbichler, K. et al. The anatomy of the current antibiotics shortage. ASCII Policy Briefs (2023). https://www.csh.ac.at/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/PB-Antibiotics_Complexity-Science-HubASCII.pdf